Blockchain and Smart Contract-Based Framework for Crowdsourcing Computation in Web 3.0

Abstract

The increasing complexity of computational problems across many scientific and technological domains often challenges traditional centralized computing resources. As the internet evolves toward Web 3.0, blockchain technology is emerging as a foundational infrastructure for decentralization, transparency, and distributed collaboration. Applications like the metaverse, which demand real-time responsiveness and high computational throughput, further underscore the need for scalable and resilient computing frameworks. In this regard, we propose a novel framework for crowdsourcing computationally intensive tasks using blockchain and smart contracts. Operating atop existing blockchain networks, a Master (or Requester) node defines a computational problem, decomposes it into subtasks, and deploys a smart contract to manage task distribution. Worker nodes perform the computations off-chain using local resources and submit their results via on-chain transactions. The smart contract aggregates these results and finally, the Master validates them and automatically distributes rewards in cryptocurrency. A proof-of-concept simulation using Ganache, Solidity, and off-chain scripts demonstrates the feasibility of this approach, showcasing key features such as task decomposition, off-chain computation, and automated result handling. These findings underscore blockchain’s potential to enable transparent, automated, and scalable coordination of distributed computing tasks.