IoT and Ethereum Blockchain Integrated Platform for Real-Time Pest Surveillance and Data-Driven Irrigation Optimization

Abstract

Agriculture is constantly struggling with pests, water shortages, and poor management of other resources, and these directly affect crop production and sustainability. Conventional pest surveillance and irrigation techniques typically boil down to manual detection and programmed actions, which result in delays in reactions, waste, and an overuse of pesticides. This study offers a hybrid platform of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Ethereum blockchain that can be used to conduct real-time pest surveillance and optimize irrigation intelligently to address these constraints. IoT devices such as soil moisture sensors, environmental sensors, and pest detectors are camera based and collect and send real-time field information. Ready-to-use data are safely kept on the Ethereum blockchain, which ensures permanence, transparency, and inaccessibility to manipulation. Smart contracts are used to automate irrigation and provide pest control alerts at pre-defined thresholds, minimizing human intervention and increasing responsiveness. Experimental analysis shows great efficiency in irrigation (saving up to 24% of water), pest detection of 92% accuracy, and data integrity 99% impervious to tampering. IoT and blockchain integration also improve the level of productivity, as well as sustainability through reduced wastage of resources and creation of trust among the involved parties. This paper illuminates the role of decentralized, data-driven platforms in promoting climatesmart, and resilient agriculture.