Smart Application Based Blockchain Consensus Protocols: A Systematic Mapping Study

Abstract

Blockchain emerges as a potential platform aim of providing efficient and robust infrastructure and the centre of the blockchain is the consensus protocol feature that shows the working of distributed ledger technology named the blockchain. However, existing blockchain systems do not satisfy the requirement of the transaction in pragmatic use due to their limited capacity. While several new ideas were suggested by experts as they faced either decentralization or security concerns. Although several scientists are working on the improvement of the new quantum-resistant, faulttolerant protocol, resource-efficient, and others focus on the development of multiple protocol versions, better adapted for particular use cases. Many researcher-made their own protocol to secure their work, instead of using traditional protocols. The paper represents a systematic literature review by accompanying a survey of blockchain technologies and their current utilization in different application domains in the IT industry. In this article, we first describe some previous and current consensus protocols of blockchain with the help of taxonomy which includes types and variants of protocols. Secondly, we have selected the most used protocols used up till now and write a comparative analysis with systematic review to find out which approach is the best suitable to use Lastly, we have analysed the strength and weaknesses of existing and previous protocols.