CNN and Blockchain Integrated E-Governance Framework System for Tamper-Proof Documents

Abstract

Land registration and record management systems worldwide continue to face significant challenges, including document fraud, long processing times, and inefficient maintenance procedures. Traditional methods involve several technical limitations that reduce reliability and transparency. To address these issues, the proposed system leverages blockchain technology to improve process efficiency, data integrity, and security in land registration workflows. In the proposed framework, users upload property details and supporting land documents while initiating a sale. However, fraudulent document uploads remain a common issue, enabling sellers to receive payments using forged records without the buyer’s knowledge. To mitigate such risks, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is integrated to authenticate and validate uploaded land documents before further processing. Only documents verified as authentic are stored on the blockchain. The government authority converts these validated documents into Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and mints them on the Ethereum blockchain. A unique hash is generated for each document, enabling secure verification and traceability through platforms such as Etherscan. Once the documents are confirmed to be valid, the property is approved for sale, and the ownership transfer between the seller and buyer is securely executed through the blockchain enabled system. We evaluated the performance of proposed framework by considering both blockchain performance metrics and CNN evaluation metrics.