NFT-Enabled Spectrum Data Sharing: A Game Theoretical Approach

Abstract

Spectrum data sharing is a prerequisite for obtaining spectrum situation and achieving dynamic spectrum sharing. However, current spectrum data sharing mechanism lacks ownership confirmation and proper incentive mechanism, which impedes data sharing among untrusted participants. In this paper, we propose an non-fungible token (NFT)-enabled spectrum data sharing model, where the data asset is created as an NFT to confirm the ownership and data transactions are conducted through the transfer of NFT ownership, with the transaction process recorded on the blockchain. We model the interactions among all participants as a Stackelberg game, and the optimal pricing and purchasing strategy are determined through Nash equilibrium analysis. Simulation results show that when the demand of spectrum data requesters (SDRs) remain constant, the profit of spectrum data owners (SDOs) with less data will gradually increase to a ceiling point by increasing its data supply, and then drop down due to the supply imbalance. As the budget of SDR increases, SDRs with lower budgets will experience a reduction in profits yet still manage to access a certain level of resources.