Integrated air and missile defense system

Abstract

The article provides a scientific substantiation of conceptual proposals for shaping the architecture of a promising state air and missile defense (AMD) system based on the implementation of the Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) concept. The study addresses the urgent need to modernize existing air defense structures in response to the transformation of modern warfare. The subject of the research is the structural, organizational, and technical parameters of airspace defense systems. The topic encompasses the transition from isolated, traditional defense lines to a unified, network-centric "System of Systems". The primary purpose of the work is to develop a comprehensive theoretical model and practical guidelines for building an adaptive, multi-layered, and resilient national IAMD system capable of neutralizing current and emerging combined aerial threats. The research methodology is based on an integrated combination of several scientific approaches. The systems approach and system analysis were utilized to view the IAMD framework as a complex multi-level structure operates within a single information and communication space (including reconnaissance, command and control, engagement, and electronic warfare subsystems). The comparative-historical method was applied to analyze the evolution of AMD concepts and the practical experience of deploying defense tools during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. The generalization method enabled a transition from assessing specific technical parameters of various weapons to formulating a holistic integration model. Military-strategic forecasting was used to identify global trends in aerial attack technologies. Additionally, Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) methodologies were applied to gather empirical data on enemy tactics, strike consequences, and techno-tactical trends. The study provides a rigorous terminological analysis and establishes a unified conceptual apparatus detailing the operational logic of modern airspace defense. Key operational-tactical and technical requirements for the IAMD infrastructure have been formalized. The paper introduces the concept of an "Open IAMD Architecture", which relies on standardized APIs, unified protocols, and a centralized national software Command and Control (C2) core scalable from the battalion to the national level. The integration of the "Any Sensor, Best Shooter" principle is defined as a primary mechanism to merge diverse sensors, fire units, and hybrid systems (such as FrankenSAM) into a singular combat field. Furthermore, the study formalizes the necessity of shifting toward quantitative Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and implementing Decision Support Systems (DSS) combined with regional digital twins for advanced scenario modeling. The authors conclude that the proposed theoretical framework successfully shifts the focus of airspace defense from passive monitoring to dynamic, high-precision threat liquidation. The system must maintain decentralized resilience, allowing individual air defense cells to operate autonomously even during network disruptions. The scope of application for these results includes military command and control bodies, defense industry planning agencies, state bodies responsible for critical infrastructure protection, and academic institutions engaged in designing promising military hardware, simulation environments, and strategic defense doctrines.