서양의 ‘새로운 사회 운동’의 역사

Abstract

Since the beginning of 1960s, various and sequential waves of movements have changed social and political life in Western democracies. Among those which sprang up in 1960s were public interest and citizen-action groups, community action, neighborhood and self-help groups, civil rights, anti-Vietnam war, and students movements. They were followed in the 1970s and early 1980s by women's, regional, environmental, anti-nuclear power, and peace movements. New left-libertarian and green political parties evolved, and a variety of subcultural life-styles and alternative urban milieus grew rapidly. This development was based on advancing economic growth and industrial modernization. Discussing the specifics of new social most observers agree on the following points. New social movements are not concerned with questions of distribution, economic power, or political power. Rather they stress questions of the way and the quality of life in modem, industrial societies. These movements recruit primarily from the well-educated post-war generation of the middle class, in changing coalitions with marginalized social group. They do not evolve a consistent ideological system. Instead, movements emphasize the right to uniqueness within the context of a secular, pluralist culture and on the basis of postmaterialist values. They emphasize principles of autonomous, decentralized organizations. They have conferred a acceptability on unconventional forms of political participation. This paper introduces the various aspects of the social movements, and thinks over the resemblance between the western social movements and Korean 'Candle Light Demonstration' this year.