Study of blockchain-based 6G wireless network integration and consensus mechanism

Abstract

The sixth-generation (6G) system is a future standard of wireless networks and will be expected to deploy with the full support of blockchain. Blockchain technology is a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to store and refer to the data. In this paper, firstly, we discuss the consensus protocol in 6G and then study the applications of blockchain in 6G. As a result, it has been observed that 27.5% of texts rely on PoW, 22.5% of texts are related to PoS, 17.5% of texts are based on DPOS and PBFT consensus protocol. Blockchain technologies in the state-of-the-art results with 6G, offer various applications such as spectrum management, trusted database, service level agreement, fair access through a smart contract. However, this integration suffers resource utilisation problems, computational loads, delays and bandwidth overhead, leading to a new set of issues that can be solved with the integration of blockchain, IoT and AI with 6G.