Performance Benchmarking of NFT-Enabled Hyperledger Fabric Network for Automotive Supply Chains in Smart Cities

Abstract

The swift expansion of IoT devices in smart cities demands decentralized and open systems of attentive exchange of assets in automotive supply chains. Nevertheless, the majority of the available blockchain-based solutions are focused on traceability and ignore scalability, conditional payment automation, and real-time IoT verification. To overcome those pitfalls, the research proposes a Blockchain-based framework implemented on Hyperledger Fabric, incorporating Non-Fungible Tokens, and escrow-based smart contracts, to facilitate verifiable, automated vehicle transactions. The payment is conditionally released, and the vehicle is represented as a discrete NFT that undergoes authenticated release under Fabric Certificate Authority with escrow verification. Sub-millisecond latency (0.0003 s), constant throughput, and minimal computational cost experimentally verify the effectiveness of the framework in terms of its efficiency, privacy, and scalability in the efficient and autonomous exchange of assets in next-generation smart cities.