Evolution of Property Rights in the Era of Digital Transformation and Ensuring Equality in the Inheritance of Physical and Virtual Assets

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of property rights amid rapid digital innovation, focusing on how legal systems are adapting to address the inheritance of virtual assets alongside traditional physical property. The rise of digital assets, including cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), digital accounts, and online intellectual property, has created significant gaps in existing inheritance laws. Using doctrinal and comparative legal analysis, the study reviews national and international frameworks to identify inconsistencies, accountability deficits, and equity concerns. The findings reveal that most jurisdictions lack specific legislation governing digital inheritance, creating systemic disadvantages for heirs. The study concludes by recommending harmonized legal standards, mandatory digital estate-planning mechanisms, and proactive regulatory reforms to ensure equal inheritance rights regardless of asset type.