Modelos de políticas orientadas por missões: o caso da indústria nuclear e dos pequenos reatores modulares

Abstract

In recent decades, the challenges of sustainable development and the urgency of accelerating the transition to cleaner energy matrices have renewed interest in the concept of Mission-Oriented Policies (MOP). Within this context, nuclear energy has regained legitimacy due to the emergence of a new generation of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). This paper proposes a characterization of the main national strategies currently underway for the development of these reactors and provides a comparative analysis of how they align with the MOP approach. The analysis identifies two general models of technological and industrial policy related to the promotion of the nuclear industry: the centralized-autonomous model and the decentralized-associative model. The POM schemes differ in the role of the state in technological and energy planning, the degree of concentration and centralization of technological capacities and decision-making, and the coordination and organization of actors and innovation projects, among other aspects. Finally, the implications for semi-peripheral countries with emerging nuclear sectors, such as Argentina, are discussed, highlighting the importance of proposing hybrid models tailored to the characteristics of the national environment.