Towards STUB 2.0: Using Graph-Based World States in Hyperledger Besu to Facilitate Distributed Transport Ticketing

Abstract

The System for Ticketing Ubiquity with Blockchains (STUB) is a novel solution to multi-modal transport ticketing. Introduced previously using Hyperledger Fabric, STUB utilises the distributed mechanics of blockchain technology right at the core of its architecture, allowing stakeholders from different transport modes to vend and validate tickets on a shared ledger. This open approach to ticketing data will benefit transport governing bodies, transport operators, and passengers alike by ensuring cross-party cooperation and presenting a fresh holistic approach to the ticketing sector. This paper addresses issues from STUB 1.0, concerning validating tickets for a multi-modal transport system. To overcome this, we propose creating a graph structure, known as the Transport Network Graph (TNG), to represent the transport network with all of the services provided by the Transport Service Providers (TSPs). This enables the implementation of an automated Revenue Allocation System (RAS), whilst retaining the benefits provided by blockchain technology.