Blockchain-enhanced spectrum sensing with PoAS and game-theoretic detection

Abstract

With the rapid development of communication technology, the efficient utilization and management of spectrum resources have become a critical issue for the performance and reliability of wireless communication networks. Collaborative spectrum sensing, as an important technology for enhancing spectrum utilization, can significantly improve the accuracy of spectrum sensing through multi-node cooperation. However, existing methods face challenges such as malicious node behavior, data tampering, and unfair resource allocation in practical applications, thereby severely constraining the performance and security of spectrum sensing systems. In response to these issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based collaborative spectrum sensing system and introduces two key innovations focusing on spectrum sensing and resource optimization: Firstly, an innovative hybrid consensus mechanism called Proof of Authority and Stake (PoAS) has been designed. It organically combines the efficiency of authoritative nodes with the fairness of stake distribution, thus optimizing the consensus process of the blockchain and ensuring the timeliness and trustworthiness of spectrum sensing data. Secondly, a detection method for malicious users is proposed based on game theory, which identifies and suppresses the behavior of malicious nodes in real-time through a dynamic reputation mechanism, thereby enhancing both the accuracy of spectrum sensing and the robustness of the system. Additionally, this paper constructs a collaborative sensing framework that integrates optimized spectrum resource allocation, striking a balance between sensing performance and resource allocation efficiency. Experimental results indicate that the system proposed in this paper, when compared to the single PoAS hybrid mechanism, can elevate the detection probability from 0.5 to 0.9 through the implementation of the PoAS+ game theory mechanism. Furthermore, the average difference in node revenue is enhanced by 454 units, thereby augmenting the accuracy of spectrum sensing and improving resource utilization.