Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the institutional and technological dimensions of anti-money laundering (AML) measures within the cryptocurrency space. The focus is on Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommendation 15 and its implementation in the Russian legal framework, as well as the regulation of digital financial assets and the digital ruble in the context of tightening international standards. A key issue addressed is the inherent contradiction between the fundamental properties of cryptocurrencies – namely, anonymity and decentralization – and the imperative to ensure transparency of financial transactions in accordance with AML/CFT (Countering Financing of Terrorism) requirements. The study systematizes modern approaches to minimizing this conflict, including customer identification mechanisms, transaction monitoring systems, and technological solutions to enhance operational transparency. Additionally, it examines the positions of Russian regulators concerning AML/CFT compliance in relation to virtual assets. Based on the conducted research, the study identifies emerging trends in the development of regulatory and legal frameworks and discusses prospects for adapting national legislation to meet global regulatory challenges.