Beyond The Voluntary Trap: Harmonizing Global Threat Intelligence Standards for Ai and Cryptocurrency Infrastructure

Abstract

This paper addresses the critical gap in international cyber threat intelligence sharing standards necessary to protect global digital asset and artificial intelligence ("AI") infrastructure. Analyzing the February 2025 Bybit hack-the largest cryptocurrency theft in history-as a case study, this research demonstrates that fragmented national and regional approaches systematically fail to prevent preventable attacks. Through comparative analysis of cryptocurrency exchange and AI system governance, this paper reveals that voluntary information-sharing mechanisms are structurally inadequate due to public goods problems and negative externalities. The proposed solution adopts the Budapest Convention's bilateral framework to create harmonized minimum standards for incident notification and anonymized threat indicator sharing, demonstrating how international cooperation can address cross-border cyber threats without requiring comprehensive global treaties. This research contributes the first systematic comparative analysis of threat intelligence sharing across crypto and AI sectors, offering practical compliance frameworks valuable to policymakers, legal practitioners, and cybersecurity professionals.