A Decentralized Blue-Carbon MRV System and Tokenized Carbon Credit Marketplace with Gasless Transactions, IoT Telemetry, and ML-Driven SOC Estimation

Abstract

Blue carbon ecosystems are vital for atmospheric CO2sequestration, yet measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) methodologies remain fragmented and opaque, hindering scalable climate finance. This paper introduces a unified, standards-driven that integrates blockchain smart contracts, decentralized storage, IoT sensor arrays, and machine learning to digitize and automate the carbon credit lifecycle. The architecture anchors project design documents, geospatial layers, and laboratory datasets immutably on-chain via ERC-1155 and IPFS, enabling tamper-evident provenance, real-time evidence linkage, and transparent buffer pool enforcement. Gasless EIP-712 meta-transactions ensure inclusive stakeholder participation, while ML-enabled MRV modules yield accurate, conservative credit estimation from diverse soil and spectral features. Prototype deployment demonstrates automated verification, auditability, and cost-effective credit tokenization, significantly advancing market integrity, efficiency, and accessibility. Current constraints include limited deployment scale and sensor diversity, with ongoing work targeting mainnet expansion, advanced ML pipelines, and collaboration for robust real-world adoption and policy integration.