Implementation of Land Registry System Using Ethereum Blockchain and IPFS

Abstract

Frequent changes in property ownership can lead to complex and lengthy records, which may allow fraudulent or incomplete records to go unnoticed. The primary issues stem from incomplete and damaged records caused by different departments storing their own copies, resulting in a lack of comprehensive verification and an increased risk of document forgery. This system proposes a solution using a blockchain-based approach, which creates immutable and transparent records of land ownership by creating an entity to represent land in the blockchain network, making it difficult for unlawful users to forge or modify records. It employs cryptographic methods, consensus protocols, and hashing algorithms to preserve the integrity of the transaction chain. This system proposes an implementation model using Ethereum, and benchmarking shows that the system has a low transaction processing time, making it suitable for practical use. Additionally, the use of the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for storing all land and user-related documents provides additional security. Cost and performance analysis are carried out based on experiments conducted, demonstrating the system's efficiency and effectiveness. This could streamline the process of land ownership transfer, promote environmental sustainability by minimizing the need for manual paperwork, and reduce the likelihood of disputes and fraud.