A Survey on Blockchain: Architecture, Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends

Abstract

Blockchain is a decentralized network ledger. Based on the core characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization, tamper-proof, and smart contract, it has been applied in many fields including finance, healthcare, food traceability and so on. However, blockchain technology still faces many challenges, such as scalability, interoperability, privacy leakage, and legal regulation, to be solved. This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of blockchain technology. Specifically, we firstly introduce the architecture of blockchain. Secondly, several typical application scenarios are described. Then, we list some technical and legal challenges of blockchain. Finally, the development of future trends of blockchain is analyzed.