TAR-PZKP: A secure transmission scheme for vehicle accident reports using PUF and Zero-Knowledge Proof

Abstract

In the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the large-scale deployment of smart vehicles has triggered new road traffic safety challenges. Particularly, existing vehicle accident report transmission schemes still face challenges such as privacy leakage, Single Point of Failure(SPOF), physical cloning attacks, and excessive computational overhead. To address these issues, this paper proposes a secure accident report transmission scheme that uses Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proof (NIZKP) and Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF). This paper designs a decentralized authentication scheme for vehicle registration that prevents SPOF and privacy leakage. We also use the PUF to realize two-factor authentication login, which effectively resists physical cloning attacks. In addition, the authentication process uses NIZKP based on the Pedersen commitment to realize authentication for accident report coordination. At the end of the accident report coordination, it is passed into the blockchain for storage, realizing the secure transmission of accident reports. To reduce the storage as well as computation overhead, this paper uses a key derivation function to update the key. Finally, formal security analysis was conducted using the Real or Random (ROR) model and the ProVerif tool, the results prove that the proposed protocol meets security requirements. Comparing our proposed scheme with related schemes, the computational overhead of our V2V scheme is reduced by 42.4%, with higher security and lower communication overhead.