Mapping the Blockchain Landscape: A Systematic Review of Frameworks, Consensus Models, and Research Directions

Abstract

Blockchain is a revolutionary technology now a days. It has opened various platforms for research too. Blockchain is decentralized distributed network system with no central authorization. Because of its inherent features it has been used in various applications. Features are immutability, anonymity, transparency, decentralized etc. This study gives the basic idea about blockchain technology. The study also investigates consensus mechanisms to add transactions in the network. This study gives an idea about what the various frameworks are and how consensus protocols work under various frameworks. Bitcoin, Ethereum are the common frameworks used in blockchain technology. Proof of Work (PoF) and Proof of Stake (PoS) are the commonly used consensus types in blockchain. The analysis includes considerations about blockchain process, types of blockchain, layered architecture of blockchain, consensus protocols, blockchain framework, applications of blockchain. This study emphasizes the need for better scalability, security and integrity options. In future, Blockchain technology has the potential to integrate with many technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Computing, Internet of Things (IoT) etc.