Identity Management Based on Blockchain Using Zero-Knowledge Proof Authentication for E-Governance

Abstract

Identity management is a critical component in egovernance, ensuring secure, reliable, and efficient verification of citizens' identities. With increasing digitization, protecting personal data while enabling seamless access to government services has become essential. Existing identity management systems often rely on centralized databases, which are prone to data breaches, unauthorized access, and lack of transparency, raising concerns over privacy and trust. To address these challenges, this research proposes a Blockchain Identity Framework that integrates Zero-Knowledge Proof (BIF-ZKP) authentication with blockchain consensus mechanisms. In this framework, ZKP enables users to prove their identity without revealing sensitive information, while blockchain ensures that identity records are decentralized, tamperproof, and auditable. The consensus mechanism guarantees that all identity transactions are verified by multiple nodes, reducing the risk of fraud and unauthorized modifications. The proposed method is applied in an e-governance context to securely manage citizens' digital identities, enabling authentication for services such as online voting, tax filings, and social welfare schemes while maintaining privacy. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the BIF significantly enhances data security, privacy preservation, and trustworthiness compared to traditional centralized identity systems. It reduces the risk of identity fraud and ensures the verifiable and transparent management of citizens' information. The proposed method improves data security by 96.2 % and reduces fraud by 89 %.