Blockchain-Based Zero Knowledge Proof Platform With Secure Common Reference String

Abstract

The zero knowledge succinct non-interactive argu-ment of knowledge (zkSNARK) systems necessitate the generation of a common reference string (CRS) via a trusted setup that traditionally involves a trusted third party (TTP). An alternative method, employing multiparty computation (MPC), facilitates the creation of an updatable structured reference string (SRS) without the need for a TTP, ensuring security provided at least one participant remains honest. We introduce a secure way to generate CRS without any trust assumption for participants. We introduce a novel platform designed to enable participants to autonomously update the CRS at their discretion. This platform transforms the CRS into a non-fungible token (NFT), enhancing the transparency and traceability of the CRS's revision history. Our platform incorporates a protocol for the generation and utilization of the proving and verification keys, integral to the zkSNARK scheme, based on the updated CRS. Implementation of this platform on the Ethereum blockchain has demonstrated secure CRS update mechanisms and the low overhead of CRS transformation.