Optimization Design and Implementation of a Lightweight Blockchain-Based Framework for IoT Security

Abstract

Traditional Internet of Things (IoT) architectures suffer from centralization-induced vulnerabilities like single points of failure and data tampering. This paper proposes BITS, a lightweight blockchain-based framework designed for resource-constrained IoT environments. Its core is a novel Reputation-based Proof of Stake (RPoS) consensus algorithm that combines staking with behavioral reputation to elect reliable validators, significantly reducing energy consumption and computational overhead. BITS also employs smart contracts for automated device authentication and access control, alongside lightweight security techniques inspired by Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Theoretical and simulation-based analyses demonstrate that BITS achieves a throughput and latency profile compatible with typical IoT application requirements, while exhibiting superior resilience against DDoS attacks and malicious nodes compared to both Proof of Authority and centralized models. BITS effectively balances security, decentralization, and efficiency, offering a viable solution for enhancing trust in IoT ecosystems.