A Study on Privacy Protection Framework for E-Government Based on Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Abstract

The rapid digitization of e-government systems has introduced significant privacy challenges, including unauthorized data access and identity theft, which threaten the integrity and trustworthiness of public services. This study proposes a privacy protection framework based on Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP), a cryptographic technique enabling secure verification without revealing sensitive information. The framework addresses critical privacy concerns such as secure identity verification, data confidentiality, and compliance with regulatory standards. By integrating advanced ZKP schemes, including Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge (zk-SNARKs) and Bulletproofs, the framework ensures efficient proof generation and verification while minimizing computational overhead. A performance evaluation demonstrated that the proposed framework reduces privacy risks by 78% and achieves a threefold increase in transaction throughput compared to traditional cryptographic methods, such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). The scalability and efficiency of the framework were validated through extensive computational overhead analysis and comparative benchmarking. Additionally, trusted setup optimizations and constraint system modeling were employed to enhance the framework’s robustness and adaptability for large-scale e-government applications.