Post Quantum Secure Blockchain Model using Lattice Cryptography and Computational Time Consensus in Cloud Systems

Abstract

The looming occurrence of large scale quantum computing presents a significant danger to the mathematical basis of cryptography that forms the foundation of the currently-deployed blockchain networks, particularly those networks that operate within distributed cloud-based systems. Existing blockchain models based on traditional cryptographic algorithms like RSA and ECC can be broken using quantum computing, thus new models built around the concept of quantum-resistance should be developed. This article proposes a new framework of Post Quantum Secure Blockchain that combines enhanced lattice-based cryptography with more computation time consensus protocol, especially designed to work effectively in cloud-based systems. The suggested architecture utilizes NTRU and Ring-LWE lattice primitives to sign transactions, verify them and to certify the integrity of the block such that transactions and block cannot be corrupted, even by a quantum adversary. To resolve the scalability and energy consumption challenges, a dynamically adjusted time based on consensus of the computing - extends Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to support dynamically adaptive block proposal timings depending on real time network conditions in terms of latency, throughput, and node workload. The system is also using lightweight hash chain validation to further simplify computational complexity, and to enhance the transaction throughput. Results gained in the experimental studies within the setup emulating a cloud context show that with the proposed model, the transaction latency and energy consumption scales down considerably in contrast to the traditional Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake systems without jeopardising security assurances. The given research builds a scalable, future-ready blockchain framework that can be used in next-generation decentralized applications in the fields of finance, healthcare, and IoT, overcoming the quantum-security and high-performance barrier between quantum security and real-world, high-performance cloud deployment.