A Blockchain-Enabled Platform for Carbon Credit Trading in Electric Vehicle Ecosystems

Abstract

The exponential growth in automobile ownership has intensified global carbon emissions, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable transport solutions. Electric Vehicles (EVs) represent a cleaner alternative; however, their adoption in India remains limited. This paper proposes a blockchain-enabled carbon credit trading platform designed to incentivise EV adoption by converting verified charging activities into carbon credit tokens. Through smart contracts and decentralized verification, the system ensures transparency, accountability, and equitable distribution of credits. Two innovative algorithms underpin the model: the Carbon Credit Generation Algorithm, which standardizes token issuance, and the Voting Algorithm, which validates charging data through a consensus-based mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves up to 500 transactions per second with energy consumption as low as 0.01 kWh per transaction, significantly outperforming Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake consensus models. The findings confirm that blockchain-driven mechanisms can effectively link green energy use to measurable rewards, fostering trust, scalability, and active participation in carbon-neutral mobility ecosystems.