e-Voting over Blockchain Platforms: A Survey

Abstract

<em>In the second decade of the new millennium, with the development of Blockchain technology, the interest of many applications in the world has come to the attention of exciting applications. One of the challenging applications of Blockchain technology is in the area of electronic voting. The issue of preventing fraud and establishing democracy has always been a major challenge in all countries. Since 2015, various implementations of electronic voting with Blockchain have been introduced. Among these, some of the proposed methods have been implemented in small and medium scales in some countries. With respect to this fact that almost all of the above-mentioned methods use proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism, the most significant shortcoming of such implementations is energy consumption. In the near future it is expected that this problem will be resolved through replacing PoW mechanism by new ones such as proof-of-stake (PoS) and its other variants. In this paper, we present security policy model parameters for e-voting, based on Blockchain technologies. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, this paper is the first to classify the requirements of e-voting according to confidentiality-integrity-availability, well-known as CIA principles in security terminology. Second, it provides a statistical analysis to extract hidden inter-dependencies among the requirements.</em>