Interoperability

Abstract

This chapter explores interoperability as the foundation for functional, inclusive and emotionally resonant digital experiences – from smart homes to the metaverse. Through critiques of Internet of Things (IoT), Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and Web3, it argues for human-centred design that prioritises discoverability, dignity and decentralised control. Drawing lessons from games like Bury Me My Love and platforms like Spatial , it shows how autonomy, mastery and purpose (AMP) can guide persistent virtual worlds. Interoperability is reframed not just as a technical goal, but also as a social, economic and ethical imperative – crucial to everything from refugee support to metaverse monetisation.