Compliance checking for cross-border construction logistics clearance using blockchain smart contracts and oracles

Abstract

This research aims to develop a deployable blockchain smart contract and oracle model for automated and transparent customs compliance checking in cross-border construction logistics. A scene analysis is conducted to extract requirements, and then a blockchain-enabled model is prototyped and tested in two case studies. We find that the prototype is feasible, and the performance is satisfactory in terms of compliance checking time (t = 1523–1530 s), accuracy (a = 55.9% to 100%), private data collection (p = 100%), and information transparency (l = 0.787–1). The innovation of this research is to combine blockchain smart contracts and oracles to achieve automation and transparency in cross-border construction logistics.