Intelligent Non-Fungible Tokens (INFTs) and National Security: Navigating the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Private International Law

Abstract

This Article examines the national security risks posed by intelligent non-fungible tokens, or iNFTs, which combine blockchain-based digital assets with adaptive artificial intelligence. It argues that iNFTs amplify concerns surrounding money laundering, terrorist financing, sanctions evasion, cybercrime, and disinformation while creating difficult cross-border problems of jurisdiction, choice of law, and enforcement. The Article concludes that current AML/KYC frameworks are inadequate and calls for updated legislation, international regulatory harmonization, and AI-enabled blockchain analytics.