Decentralised DNS resolution based on distributed ledger technology

Abstract

The Domain Name System (DNS) is the backbone of the Internet, but remains highly centralised, creating<br/>risks related to censorship, surveillance, and single points of failure. While much of the focus has been on<br/>securing and decentralising DNS as a whole, recursive resolvers continue to rely on central infrastructure.<br/>This paper proposes a decentralised DNS resolver architecture that replaces traditional recursive resolvers<br/>with a decentralised alternative. The system uses the Chord protocol and distributed ledger technology<br/>(DLT) to distribute DNS resolution across a network of cooperating nodes, without altering existing<br/>zone authority structures. We present the key components of the architecture, including peer discovery,<br/>query routing, caching, updating and trust handling, and we analyse how this architecture overcomes<br/>the previously mentioned limitations.