The Role of Non-Fungible Tokens in Ownership within Gaming: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) on the function and potential of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and blockchain technology with regard to ownership in gaming. We explored theoretical viewpoints, analytical frameworks, measures, relationships, and procedures up to 2024 to examine the relationship between NFTs, blockchain, and ownership in gaming. A four-step methodology (planning, execution, analysis, and reporting) was followed, based on Tranfield et al.'s (2003) approach. The widely adopted PRISMA technique was utilized to ensure transparency and rigor in conducting the systematic literature review. The contribution of this study lies in its exploration of how NFTs and blockchain transform ownership in gaming, marking the first comprehensive SLR on this topic from the standpoint of digital asset ownership transformation. The [*expected*] findings suggest that NFTs and blockchain significantly transform traditional ownership structures in gaming by enabling decentralized, verifiable, and transferable digital assets. However, fully realizing this potential remains challenging. Persistent issues—such as partial rather than complete decentralization, economic inequalities and speculation-driven markets, psychological complexities around player motivation, and technological hurdles like scalability and interoperability—complicate the path toward sustainable NFT-based ecosystems. Adoption appears influenced as much by hype and financial incentives as by informed choice. These insights underscore the necessity for developers, policymakers, and stakeholders to collaborate on clear legal frameworks, robust security measures, equitable economic models, and player-centric designs. In doing so, the gaming industry can foster genuine, enduring ownership experiences that align innovation with fairness, trust, and meaningful engagement.