Enhancing Healthcare Data Integrity and Access Control Using Blockchain and Industry 5.0

Abstract

The convergence of blockchain with Industry 5.0 technologies presents significant opportunities for healthcare data management; however, current systems face challenges related to scalability, privacy, and energy efficiency. This article introduces an innovative framework that leverages ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE), Ethereum smart contracts, and decentralized IPFS storage to address these challenges. The framework presents three main innovations: 1) a human-centric authentication system that ensures security without sacrificing cryptographic integrity; 2) post-quantum Kyber-786 algorithms paired with CP-ABE, which minimizes computational overhead by 27% while facilitating 32 ms key generation; and 3) an energy-efficient Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism that reduces energy consumption by 98% (0.05 kW/transaction) compared to traditional blockchain systems. Thorough testing demonstrates 99.5% resistance to man-in-the-middle attacks, a throughput of 15.6 MB/min at scale, and an emergency access latency of under 120 ms, which is essential for practical healthcare applications. By consolidating decentralized pseudo-identities for patient anonymity, secure audit logs, and GDPR/HIPAA-compliant data governance, this research establishes a new standard for secure, sustainable, and patient-focused health data ecosystems in the Industry 5.0 landscape.