FHE-Rollups: Scaling Confidential Smart Contracts on Ethereum and Beyond

Abstract

Blockchains ensure that all transactions, including those that execute deterministic programs known as smart contracts, are processed correctly and without interruption. However, blockchains inherently provide no confidentiality - all transaction data, including inputs sent to smart contracts, are public. This has led to a rise of confidential smart contract blockchains. These blockchains utilize privacy-preserving techniques to add privacy to smart contracts, but they usually rely on Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) (e.g., [14, 24]) that are susceptible to side-channel attacks and other security concerns ([7, 13, 33] to name a few).