On-Chain Risk Oracle for OSS Vulnerabilities in Web3 Backends (OSV + EPSS + KEV): Signed SBOM-Bound Risk Attestations Anchored On-Chain.

Abstract

This preprint introduces Risk Oracle, an exploit-intelligence–driven SBOM attestation framework designed to support practical risk gating in CI/CD. The system combines signals from Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) and Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) with SBOM-to-vulnerability matching to produce a policy-backed gate decision (e.g., pass / warn / block) while keeping the workflow interpretable and reproducible. A core design goal is bounded disclosure: the producer can commit to full findings and then disclose only a limited subset (e.g., top-K highest-risk issues) suitable for downstream verification, reducing disclosure risk while preserving auditability. The paper details the end-to-end pipeline (producer/verifier roles), a typed attestation schema, a scoring and decision procedure, and an evaluation that studies (i) signal behavior under pinned KEV/EPSS snapshots and (ii) operational overhead under synthetic SBOM scaling intended to approximate CI workloads. Key contributions A practical SBOM attestation pipeline that integrates exploit-intelligence signals for operational decision-making in CI/CD. A typed attestation schema and verifier procedure supporting bounded disclosure. A policy-driven scoring and gating framework (pass/warn/block) grounded in vulnerability-management practice. Evaluation focused on interpretability and operational cost (runtime/payload scaling) under reproducible, pinned snapshots. Artifacts / Reproducibility Code, scripts, and pinned snapshot references: [GitHub link] Suggested citationSudhir, S. (2026). Risk Oracle: Exploit-Intelligence–Driven SBOM Attestations with Bounded Disclosure (preprint). Zenodo. DOI: [10.5281/zenodo.18153487] Keywords: SBOM, software supply chain security, vulnerability management, KEV, EPSS, OSV, attestation, CI/CD, bounded disclosure, reproducibility