Mitigating Tails Switching in Multibranch Proof-of-Stake Systems: A Quantum-Inspired Approach

Abstract

This paper explores the dynamics of multibranch forging algorithms within Proof-of-Stake (PoS) systems, focusing on the tails switching effect and its associated risks, such as the Nothing-at-Stake (N@S) attack. The study introduces a series of modifications to the traditional single-branch approach, drawing inspiration from quantum mechanics to enhance system security and efficiency. By analyzing the impact of smooth and direct measure functions on the cumulative measure of blockchain branches, the paper demonstrates that direct measures effectively reduce tails switching and stabilize the network. Additionally, the introduction of single-branch nodes is shown to stabilize the best chain, reducing the likelihood of history rewrites. The results suggest a promising pathway for improving multibranch PoS systems, emphasizing the need for further investigation into delayed propagation, transaction processing, and measure combinations.