How to Vote Privately Using Bitcoin

Abstract

Bitcoin is the first decentralized crypto-currency that is cur-rently by far the most popular one in use. The bitcoin trans-action syntax is expressive enough to setup digital contracts whose fund transfer can be enforced automatically. In this paper, we design protocols for the bitcoin voting problem, in which there are n voters, each of which wishes to fund exactly one of two candidates A and B. The win-ning candidate is determined by majority voting, while the privacy of individual vote is preserved. Moreover, the de-cision is irrevocable in the sense that once the outcome is revealed, the winning candidate is guaranteed to have the funding from all n voters. As in previous works, each voter is incentivized to follow the protocol by being required to put a deposit in the sys-tem, which will be used as compensation if he deviates from the protocol. Our solution is similar to previous protocols used for lottery, but needs an additional phase to distribute secret random numbers via zero-knowledge-proofs. More-over, we have resolved a security issue in previous protocols that could prevent compensation from being paid. 1.