Identifying and screening the components of Blockchain-based technology transfer services with a digital transformation approach: A qualitative study using content analysis and the Delphi method

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and validate the factors influencing the transfer of Blockchain-based services in the digital transformation process of banks. The present study seeks to answer the fundamental question of how a comprehensive framework can be designed to facilitate the successful adoption and implementation of Blockchain technology in banking environments.Methodology: This study used a mixed qualitative approach combining content analysis and the Delphi method. In the first phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts from Saderat Bank of Iran, fintech companies, and IT service providers. The resulting data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, yielding 17 key factors across six thematic areas. These factors were evaluated, and a consensus was reached across three Delphi rounds involving 15 experts. The Delphi process ended with an agreement level of 80% as a reliability criterion.Findings: Components such as interoperability (92%), scalability (88%), digital governance (94%), change management capacity (90%), and customer-centric innovation (91%) play a pivotal role in successful technology transfer. It was found that Blockchain adoption alone will not lead to improved performance unless strong dynamic capabilities and organizational readiness support it. Among the most critical challenges identified are resistance to change (85%), inadequate technical infrastructure (82%), regulatory challenges (79%), and data privacy restrictions (87%). Based on the final findings, success in Blockchain technology transfer requires simultaneous attention to three key dimensions: a) the technical dimension by prioritizing system interoperability and solution scalability; b) the organizational dimension by focusing on developing dynamic capabilities and creating a culture of innovation; c) the environmental dimension by reforming regulatory frameworks and developing security standards. It is suggested that banks invest in specialized employee training, develop a data governance strategy, and partner with fintech startups to pave the way for the successful implementation of this technology.Originality/Value: This study bridges the gap between academic literature and management practice by providing a conceptual and validated framework for decision-makers. The principal value of this research is to outline the essential components for effective and sustainable technology transfer in digitally evolving institutions. This framework can be used as a guide for banks and financial institutions in successfully implementing Blockchain-based solutions. The findings of this study can also serve as a basis for future research on innovative applications of Blockchain in the financial services sector.